Full History of Computer
The Father of computer :-
The Father of computer Is " Charles Babbage "
Born----------- 26 December 1791 London, England
Died----------- 18 October 1871 (aged 79) Marylebone, London, England
Nationality---- English
Fields--------- Mathematics, engineering, political economy, computer science
Institutions--- Trinity College, Cambridge
Alma mater----- Peterhouse, Cambridge
Known for------ Mathematics, computing
Influences----- Robert Woodhouse, Gaspard Monge, John Herschel
Influenced----- Karl Marx, John Stuart Mill
History:-
Charles Babbage,( 26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English polymath. He was a mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, who is best remembered now for originating the concept of a programmable computer.
Considered a "father of the computer", Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex designs. His varied work in other fields has led him to be described as "pre-eminent" among the many polymaths of his century.
Parts of Babbage's uncompleted mechanisms are on display in the London Science Museum. In 1991, a perfectly functioning difference engine was constructed from Babbage's original plans. Built to tolerances achievable in the 19th century, the success of the finished engine indicated that Babbage's machine would have worked.
Death:-
Babbage lived and worked for over 40 years at 1 Dorset Street, Marylebone, where he died, at the age of 79, on 18 October 1871; he was buried in London's Kensal Green Cemetery. According to Horsley, Babbage died "of renal inadequacy, secondary to cystitis." He had declined both a knighthood and baronetcy. He also argued against hereditary peerages, favouring life peerages instead.
In 1983 the autopsy report for Charles Babbage was discovered and later published by his great-great-grandson. A copy of the original is also available. Half of Babbage's brain is preserved at the Hunterian Museum in the Royal College of Surgeons in London. The other half of Babbage's brain is on display in the Science Museum, London.
Definition of Computer :-
Computer is an electronic device or programmable machine. A programmable machine that performs high-speed processing of numbers, as well as of text, graphics, symbols, and sound. All computers contain a central processing unit that interprets and executes instructions; input devices, such as a keyboard and a mouse, through which data and commands enter the computer; memory that enables the computer to store programs and data; and output devices, such as printers and display screens, that show the results after the computer has processed data.
Generations of Computer:-
Total Fifth Generation of computer in till date.
These Generations are:-
First generation:
Vacuum tubes used. Mid-1940. IBM pioneered the arrangement of vacuum tubes in pluggable modules. The IBM 650 was a first-generation computer.
Second generation:
Transistors used. 1956. The era of miniaturization begins. Transistors are much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and generate less heat. Discrete transistors are soldered to circuit boards, with interconnections accomplished by stencil-screened conductive patterns on the reverse side. The IBM 7090 was a second-generation computer.
Third generation:
Integrated circuits (silicon chips containing multiple transistors) used. 1964. A pioneering example is the ACPX module used in the IBM 360/91, which, by stacking layers of silicon over a ceramic substrate, accommodated over 20 transistors per chip; the chips could be packed together onto a circuit board to achieve unheard-of logic densities. The IBM 360/91 was a hybrid second- and third-generation computer.
Fourth-generation:-
The term fourth-generation programming language used. 1970. (abbreviated 4GL) is better understood to be a fourth generation environment; packages of systems development software including very high level programming languages. A very high level programming language and a development environment or 'Analyst Workbench' designed with a central data dictionary system, a library of loosely coupled design patterns, a CRUD generator, report generator, end-user query language, DBMS, visual design tool and integration API. Historically often used for prototyping and evolutionary development of commercial business software. In the history of computer science, the 4GL followed the 3GL in an upward trend toward higher abstraction and statement power. The 4GL was followed by efforts to define and use a 5GL.
Fifth generation:-
The Fifth Generation Computer Systems by Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry, begun in 1982, to create a computer using massively parallel computing/processing. It was to be the result of a massive government/industry research project in Japan during the 1980s. It aimed to create an "epoch-making computer" with-supercomputer-like performance and to provide a platform for future developments in artificial intelligence.
The Father of computer Is " Charles Babbage "
Born----------- 26 December 1791 London, England
Died----------- 18 October 1871 (aged 79) Marylebone, London, England
Nationality---- English
Fields--------- Mathematics, engineering, political economy, computer science
Institutions--- Trinity College, Cambridge
Alma mater----- Peterhouse, Cambridge
Known for------ Mathematics, computing
Influences----- Robert Woodhouse, Gaspard Monge, John Herschel
Influenced----- Karl Marx, John Stuart Mill
History:-
Charles Babbage,( 26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English polymath. He was a mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, who is best remembered now for originating the concept of a programmable computer.
Considered a "father of the computer", Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex designs. His varied work in other fields has led him to be described as "pre-eminent" among the many polymaths of his century.
Parts of Babbage's uncompleted mechanisms are on display in the London Science Museum. In 1991, a perfectly functioning difference engine was constructed from Babbage's original plans. Built to tolerances achievable in the 19th century, the success of the finished engine indicated that Babbage's machine would have worked.
Death:-
Babbage lived and worked for over 40 years at 1 Dorset Street, Marylebone, where he died, at the age of 79, on 18 October 1871; he was buried in London's Kensal Green Cemetery. According to Horsley, Babbage died "of renal inadequacy, secondary to cystitis." He had declined both a knighthood and baronetcy. He also argued against hereditary peerages, favouring life peerages instead.
In 1983 the autopsy report for Charles Babbage was discovered and later published by his great-great-grandson. A copy of the original is also available. Half of Babbage's brain is preserved at the Hunterian Museum in the Royal College of Surgeons in London. The other half of Babbage's brain is on display in the Science Museum, London.
Definition of Computer :-
Computer is an electronic device or programmable machine. A programmable machine that performs high-speed processing of numbers, as well as of text, graphics, symbols, and sound. All computers contain a central processing unit that interprets and executes instructions; input devices, such as a keyboard and a mouse, through which data and commands enter the computer; memory that enables the computer to store programs and data; and output devices, such as printers and display screens, that show the results after the computer has processed data.
Generations of Computer:-
Total Fifth Generation of computer in till date.
These Generations are:-
First generation:
Vacuum tubes used. Mid-1940. IBM pioneered the arrangement of vacuum tubes in pluggable modules. The IBM 650 was a first-generation computer.
Second generation:
Transistors used. 1956. The era of miniaturization begins. Transistors are much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and generate less heat. Discrete transistors are soldered to circuit boards, with interconnections accomplished by stencil-screened conductive patterns on the reverse side. The IBM 7090 was a second-generation computer.
Third generation:
Integrated circuits (silicon chips containing multiple transistors) used. 1964. A pioneering example is the ACPX module used in the IBM 360/91, which, by stacking layers of silicon over a ceramic substrate, accommodated over 20 transistors per chip; the chips could be packed together onto a circuit board to achieve unheard-of logic densities. The IBM 360/91 was a hybrid second- and third-generation computer.
Fourth-generation:-
The term fourth-generation programming language used. 1970. (abbreviated 4GL) is better understood to be a fourth generation environment; packages of systems development software including very high level programming languages. A very high level programming language and a development environment or 'Analyst Workbench' designed with a central data dictionary system, a library of loosely coupled design patterns, a CRUD generator, report generator, end-user query language, DBMS, visual design tool and integration API. Historically often used for prototyping and evolutionary development of commercial business software. In the history of computer science, the 4GL followed the 3GL in an upward trend toward higher abstraction and statement power. The 4GL was followed by efforts to define and use a 5GL.
Fifth generation:-
The Fifth Generation Computer Systems by Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry, begun in 1982, to create a computer using massively parallel computing/processing. It was to be the result of a massive government/industry research project in Japan during the 1980s. It aimed to create an "epoch-making computer" with-supercomputer-like performance and to provide a platform for future developments in artificial intelligence.